Top Five Modern Architectural Wonders of New Beijing
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Three styles of architecture predominate in urban Beijing. First, the
traditional architecture of imperial China, perhaps best exemplified by
the Forbidden City. Next there is what is sometimes referred to as the
"Sino-Soviet" style, built between the 1950s and the 1970s, which tend
to be boxy, bland, and poorly made. Finally, there are much more
modern architectural forms. Beijing has been re-inventing itself since
2001 with a rush of showstopping buildings by internationally renowned
architects. Visitors to Beijing will, like tourists on safari, want to bag the
city's Big Five -- high-profile buildings that already are considered icons
of China's new architecture. There is the National Stadium, aka "the
Bird's Nest," whose design is meant to evoke the cracked glaze on
ancient porcelain, and the Water Cube, the ocean-blue Olympic
aquatics center with a surface of plastic cushions, like a sheet of
bubbles. The CCTV Tower, with its twisted-doughnut profile, has
redefined the word "skyscraper." The National Center for Performing
Arts is like a titanium-clad flying saucer, and there's the vast sweep of
Beijing Airport's new Terminal Three.
The vast, low-lying space-age oval designed by France's Paul Andreu is covered in titanium and surrounded by a pool of
water. The building was met with extraordinary controversy, starting with the entryway. Visitors enter via underground walkway.
Wan Siquan, the engineer who oversaw construction, says he became comfortable with this feature only after satisfying himself
that the complex could be completely evacuated within minutes. Now, he shows visitors how underground water keeps the
pool's temperature stable, preventing algae outbreaks in summer and ice in winter. Critics have complained that a foreigner
was chosen to design such a prominent building -- and that it looks like a giant fried egg.
Nevertheless, Chinese and foreign tourists flock to see it. Enter the glass-roofed entrance hallway and see how light filters
down through the pond overhead. Inside the center, local wood and marble turns a huge cavern into an intimate space.

The giant state broadcaster's new "tower" actually is a twisty glass-and-steel doughnut, designed by Rem Koolhaas and his
Dutch design firm, in collaboration with the Arup engineers. The facade is set to be completed by the start of the Games; the
interior is likely to take many more months.
Two leaning towers rise 540 feet above the ground, then make a sharp turn to meet in a wide overhang -- creating the
dizzying sensation that they are defying the usual laws of physics. To stabilize the structure, designers built a giant
underground foot, like skis that prevent the skier from leaning too far forward and tipping over. The building overpowers
remnants of an older neighborhood.

For most Olympic visitors, the site of the opening and closing ceremonies, as well as track-and-field events, will define their
memories of Beijing. The stadium earned its nickname for the way the steel-and-cement girders cocoon the 91,000 seats
inside. The design grew from brainstorming sessions between the Chinese artist Ai Weiwei and the Swiss architectural firm
Herzog & deMeuron. The building evokes Chinese culture. Beams crisscrossing seemingly at random are meant to recall the
crackled glaze on ancient Chinese ceramics. From the south, the angled bowl resembles the hat-shaped Chinese gold
ingots that are a symbol of prosperity. The main support system consists of 24 columns, each weighing 1,000 tons. It took
some 7,000 workers three years of 12-hour shifts around the clock to complete the structure. "The CCTV tower is a triumph
of technology," says Xu Weiguo, an architecture professor at China's Tsinghua University. "The Bird's Nest is a triumph of
thinking."

The giant arching sweep of the new terminal at Beijing Capital International Airport, designed by Britain's Norman Foster, is
the first thing that will greet most Olympic arrivals. T3 is one of the world's largest enclosed spaces, designed to handle an
estimated 50 million visitors a year: It is just over two miles long, with 101 gates, 31 miles of baggage conveyers, 98 moving
walkways, 168 escalators and 179 elevators. The arch of the massive roof is punctuated with triangular skylights, which from
outside resemble scales of a dragon -- a symbol of prosperity and strength. Deep red pillars evoke the red walls of old
imperial Beijing.

Designed by Australia's PTW Architects, the National Swimming Center will house many Olympic swimming and diving events.
The architects toyed with ideas of a wave-shaped building but then hit on the notion of foam. The walls are made of 3,500
"bubbles," each one a plastic cushion made from a see-through type of Teflon. The plastic conducts solar energy and also
insulates, reducing energy consumption by 30%. Inside, there are five swimming pools, 17,000 seats, aquatic rides and a
restaurant
Top 5 Great Modern Buildings in Beijing - Beijing Modern Architecture - An Interactive Map
北京当代五大建筑
北京首都国际机场3号航站楼主楼由荷兰机场顾问公司(NACO)、英国诺曼•福斯特建筑事务所负责设计,2000年6月,中国民
用航空总局开始进行北京首都国际机场中远期规划研究。2004年3月26日,3号航站楼完成施工及监理招标,正式签订了施工
和监理合同,首都机场开始三期扩建工程。共征用了 22200多亩土地,搬迁了9个村庄,共涉及1.2万人。3号航站楼位于北
京首都国际机场东边。T3主楼及其配套工程位于现有东跑道和新建跑道之间。
3号航站楼(T3)由主楼和国内候机廊、国际候机廊组成,配备了自动处理和高速传输的行李系统、快捷的旅客捷运系统以及信
息系统,总建筑面积 98.6万平方米。新建一条长3800米、宽60米的跑道,满足F类飞机的使用要求,配备了世界上最先进的
三类精密自动飞机引导系统,这是我国目前最先进的起降导航系统,在很低的能见度下仍可实行飞机起降。世界上最大的飞
机空中客车A380能够顺利起降。跑道试飞成功后,于2008年10月份投入试用。此外,新建北货运区,相应配套建设场内交
通系统,以及供水、供电、供气、供油、通导、航空公司基地等设施。
国家体育场(“鸟巢”)是2008年北京奥运会主体育场。由2001年普利茨克奖获得者赫尔佐格、德梅隆与中国建筑师李兴刚等合
作完成的巨型体育场设计,由艾未未担任设计顾问。形态如同孕育生命的“巢”,它更像一个摇篮,寄托着人类对未来的希
望。设计者们对这个国家体育场没有做任何多余的处理,只是坦率地把结构暴露在外,因而自然形成了建筑的外观。“鸟巢”
外形结构主要由巨大的门式钢架组成,共有24根桁架柱。国家体育场建筑顶面呈鞍形,长轴为 332.3米,短轴为296.4米,最
高点高度为68.5米,最低点高度为42.8米。
体育场外壳采用可作为填充物的气垫膜,使屋顶达到完全防水的要求,阳光可以穿过透明的屋顶满足室内草坪的生长需要。
比赛时,看台是可以通过多种方式进行变化的,可以满足不同时期不同观众量的要求,奥运期间的20,000个临时座席分布
在体育场的最上端,且能保证每个人都能清楚的看到整个赛场。入口、出口及人群流动通过流线区域的合理划分和设计得了
完美得到的解决。
许多建筑界专家都认为,“鸟巢”将不仅为2008年奥运会树立一座独特的历史性的标志性建筑,而且在世界建筑发展史上也将
具有开创性意义,将为21世纪的中国和世界建筑发展提供历史见证。
国家大剧院由法国建筑师保罗・安德鲁主持设计,设计方为法国巴黎机场公司。国家大剧院建筑屋面呈半椭圆形,由具有柔
和的色调和光泽的钛金属覆盖,前后两侧有两个类似三角形的玻璃幕墙切面,整个建筑漂浮于人造水面之上,行人需从一条
80米长的水下通道进入演出大厅。大剧院造型新颖、前卫,构思独特,是传统与现代、浪漫与现实的结合。国家大剧院庞大
的椭圆外形在长安街上显得像个“天外来客”,与周遭环境的冲突让它显得十分抢眼。这座“城市中的剧院、剧院中的城市”计划
以一颗献给新世纪的超越想象的“湖中明珠”的奇异姿态出现。
国家游泳中心又被称为“水立方” 位于奥林匹克公园B区西侧,和国家体育场‘鸟巢’隔马路遥相呼应,建设规模约8万平方米,
最引人注意的就是外围形似水泡的ETFE膜(乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物)。ETFE膜是一种透明膜,能为场馆内带来更多的自然
光,他的内部是一个多层楼建筑,对称排列的大看台视野开阔,馆内乳白色的建筑与碧蓝的水池相映成趣。
国家游泳中心的设计方案,是经全球设计竞赛产生的“水的立方”([H2O]3)方案。该方案由中国建筑工程总公司、澳大利亚
PTW建筑师事务所、 ARUP澳大利亚有限公司联合设计。其中中方设计者:中建国际(深圳)设计顾问有限公司总裁、总建筑
师赵小钧、总工程师毛红卫,PTW建筑事务所的两名主设计师为约翰・保林 (John Pauline)与托比・王(Toby Wong)。
设计体现出 [H2O]3(“水立方”)的设计理念,融建筑设计与结构设计于一体,设计新颖,结构独特,与国家体育场比较协调,
功能上完全满足2008年奥运会赛事要求,而且易于赛后运营。
这个看似简单的“方盒子”是中国传统文化和现代科技共同“搭建”而成的。中国人认为:没有规矩不成方圆,按照制定出来的规
矩做事,就可以获得整体的和谐统一。在中国传统文化中,“天圆地方”的设计思想催生了“水立方”,它与圆形的“鸟巢”――国
家体育场相互呼应,相得益彰。方形是中国古代城市建筑最基本的形态,它体现的是中国文化中以纲常伦理为代表的社会生
活规则。而这个“方盒子”又能够最佳体现国家游泳中心的多功能要求,从而实现了传统文化与建筑功能的完善结合。
中央电视台总部大楼(CCTV Headquarters) 位于北京东三环路的中央商务区内,由中央电视台(CCTV)主楼、服务楼、电视文
化中心(TVCC)及室外工程组成。其中主楼高234 米,地上52层、地下3层,设10层裙楼,建筑面积47万平方米。主楼的两座
塔楼双向内倾斜6度,在163米以上由“L”形悬臂结构连为一体,建筑外表面的玻璃幕墙由强烈的不规则几何图案组成,造型独
特、结构新颖、高新技术含量大,在国内外均属“高、难、精、尖”的特大型项目。设计师:雷姆•库哈斯(荷兰)。
当这座梯形结构完工时,它将成为世界上设计最激进的建筑。它被美国《时代》周刊评选为2007年世界十大建筑奇迹之一。
2007年十大建筑奇迹中,北京就拥有三处(另两处为北京当代万国城和北京国家体育场)。中国中央电视台大楼耗资50 亿
元人民币。央视新大楼从设计图纸转入建设期。此前,央视新大楼因造价太高、造型特异、、有安全交通隐患等问题备受争
议。新央视大楼在种种议论声中动工时,是善于调侃的北京市民用一种平易近人的民间词汇——“大裤衩。有关“央视设计者
用色情玩笑戏弄中国”的传闻在中国互联网上被热炒, 而建筑设计师库哈斯在他所在的荷兰大都会建筑事务所(OMA)网站
上发布声明,否认大楼设计含有色情隐喻。
2009年2月9日,由于非法燃放烟花,央视新址北配楼北京文华东方酒店发生了火灾。 北京文华东方酒店位于CCTV新总部大
楼北侧,是央视新大楼的重要组成部分, 产权属于央视,总投资超过10亿元, 原定在2009年7月开业。



